serratedview In reply to BoaHanc0ck [2018-06-23 18:13:42 +0000 UTC]
Man, if you had a million dollars I'd be rich! Perhaps a wild animal would be happier living in a rescue and not being abused by it's 'family'. A big cat can't be domesticated. The ONLY way to produce a tiger or lion with a white coat is through inbreeding brother to sister or father to daughter; generation after generation after generation. The kind of severe inbreeding that is required to produce the mutation of a white coat also causes a number of other defects in these big cats. In June 2011 the board of directors for the American Zoological Association (AZA) formalized their 2008 ban on the breeding of white tigers, white lions or king cheetahs by their member zoos. Their report said, “Breeding practices that increase the physical expression of single rare alleles (i.e., rare genetic traits) through intentional inbreeding, for example intentional breeding to achieve rare color-morphs such as white tigers, deer, and alligators, has been clearly linked with various abnormal, debilitating, and, at times, lethal, external and internal conditions and characteristics."
References
Ballou JD, Lacy RC. 1995. Identifying genetically important
individuals for management of genetic diversity
in pedigreed populations. In J.D. Ballou, M. Gilpin, and T.J. Foose (eds.), Population Management for
Survival & Recovery. Analytical Methods and Strategies in Small Population Conservation. Columbia
University Press, New
York, NY: pp. 76-111.
Brandl P. 2010. Generically speaking. ZOOQUARI
A (EAZA news) Issue 70 (summer 2010):19-22.
Creel DJ, Giolli RA. 1972. The primary optic projection in pigmented and albino guinea pigs: an
experimental degeneration study. Exp Neurol 30:25-39.
Council of Europe: European Convention for the protection of pet animals, 13. Nov. 1987 (ETS 125),
Council of Europe, Strasbourg-Cedex, 1987 (
www.bvet.ch
, www.coe.int).
Council of Europe: Resolution on the breeding of pet animals, Multilateral Consultation of parties to the
European Convention for the protection of pet animals (ETS 125), March 1995 in Strasbourg,
Document CONS 125(95)29, Council of Europe, Strasbourg-Cedex, 1995b (
www.bvet.ch
).
Council of Europe: Declaration of intent, Multilateral
Consultation of parties to the European Convention to
the European Convention for the protection of
pet animals (ETS 125), March 1995 in Strasbourg,
Document CONS 125(95)29, Council of Europe, Strasbourg-Cedex, 1995a (
www.bvet.ch
).
Falconer DS. 1981. Introduction to quantitative
genetics. Second edition. London, New York: Longman:
p.340.
Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (FVE): Re
solution “Breeding and Animal Welfare”, FVE/99/010,
1999 (www.fve.org).
Fox PR. 1988. Congenital feline heart disease. In: C
anine and Feline Cardiology. Ed. Fox PR. Churchill,
Livingstone Inc., New York, NY: pp. 404-8.
Goldin JP, Lambrecht NE. 1999. Double aortic arch and persistent left vena cava in a white lion cub
(
Panthera leo
). J Zool Wildl Med 30:145-150.
Guillery RW. 1986. Neural abnormalities of
albinos. Trends Neurosci 9:364-367.
Guillery RW, Kaas JH. 1973. Genetic abnormality of
the visual pathways in a “white tiger”. Science
180:1287-1288.
Ketz CJ, Radlinsky M, Armbrust L,
Carpenter JW, Isaza R. 2001. Persistent right aortic arch and aberrant
subclavian artery in a white Bengal tiger (
Panthera tigris
). J of Zoo Wildl Med 32(2):268-272.
Kirkwood JK, Weddell S, Hubrecht RC, Wickens SM
. 2010. Darwinian selection, selective breeding and
the welfare of animals. Proceedings of the UFAW
international symposium, Bristol 2009. Animal
Welfare 19(S): pp.1-149.
Kliot M, Shatz CJ. 1985. Abnormal development of the retinogeniculate projection in Siamese Cats. J of
Neuroscience 5(10): 2641-2653.
Lacy R. 2000. Should we select genetic alleles in
our conservation breeding programs? Zoo Biol 19: 279-
282.
Laikre L. 1999. Hereditary defects and conservati
on management of captive populations. Zoo Biol 18:81-
99.
Latinen K. 1987. White tigers and species survival plans. In: Tigers of the world: The Biology, Biopolitics,
Management and Conservation of an Endangered Species, eds. RL Tilson and US Seal, Noyes Publ.,
Park Ridge, NJ: pp.391-393.
Leyhausen P, Reed TH. 1971. The white tiger: care an
d breeding of a genetic freak. Smithson 2:24-31.
Not I. 1998. Beurteilung verschiedener Zuchtlinien in Zi
ervögeln, Kleinnagern, Zierfischen und Reptilien in
tierschützerischer Hinsicht. Dissertation
(PhD Thesis). University of Zürich.
Approved by the AZA Board of Directors – June 2011
7
Approved by the AZA Board of Directors – June 2011
8
Not I, Isenbügel E, Bartels T, Steiger A. 2008. Assessm
ent of animal welfare aspects in extreme breeds of
pet animals: small mammals, ornamental birds, fish
, reptiles. (article in German). Schweiz Arch
Tierheilk 150(5):235-241.
Rooney NJ, Sargan DR. 2010. Welfare concerns asso
ciated with pedigree dog breeding in the UK. Animal
Welfare 19(S):133-140.
Roychoudhury AK. 1978. A study of inbreeding
in white tigers. Sci Cult 44:371-2.
Roychoudhury AK, Sankhala KS. 1979. Inbreeding in white tigers. Proc Indian Acad Sci 88B, Part I, No.
5:311-323.
Sanderson KJ, Guillery RW, and RM Shackelford. 1974. Congenitally abnormal pat
hways in mink with
reduced retinal pigment. J Comp Neurol 154:225-245.
Schroeter W. 1981. On color, color deviation, stripe diminuation and
color-brighthening in the tiger,
Panthera tigris
. Säugetierkunde Mitt 29(4):1-8.
Steiger A. 2005. Breeding and welfare of cats. In: The welfare of cats. Ed. I. Rochlitz, Springer: pp. 259-
276.
Steiger A. 2008. Assessment of anima
l welfare aspects in extreme breeds of pet animals: Principles, rules
and other measures. (article in German). Schweiz Arch Tierheilk 150 (5):211-216.
Steiger A, Stucki F, Peyer N, Keller P. 2008. Assessment
of animal welfare aspects in extreme breeds of
pet animals: dogs and cats. (article in German). Schweiz Arch Tierheilk 150(5):217-225.
Stucki F, Bartels T, Steiger A. 2008.
Assessment of animal welfare aspe
cts in extreme breeds of rabbits,
poultry and pigeons. (article in German). Schweiz Arch Tierheilk 150(5):227-234.
Thornton IWB, Young KK, Sankhala KS. 1967. The genetics of the white tigers of Rewa. J of Zool
152:127-135.
Thornton IWB. 1978. White tiger genetics –
further evidence. J Zool 185(3):389-94.
👍: 0 ⏩: 2
ScorpioTongue In reply to serratedview [2018-06-25 05:04:54 +0000 UTC]
Please stop spreading false, outdated information.
"The white tiger variant is viable in the wild and a natural polymorphism of the tiger"
www.cell.com/current-biology/f…
"Dr Luo said: “historical records of white tigers on the Indian subcontinent date back to the 1500s, but the last known free-ranging white tiger was shot in 1958. That many white tigers were hunted as mature adults suggests that they were fit to live in the wild. It’s worth considering that tigers’ chief prey species, such as deer, are likely colorblind.”
With the causal gene identified, the team hopes to explore the evolutionary forces that have maintained tigers in both orange and white varieties"
- www.sci-news.com/genetics/arti…
The white coat/blue eyes trait of the White Tiger is caused by normal genetic inheritance from the parents, and follows a simple Mendelian recessive pattern
whitetigertruths.wordpress.com…
Are white tigers still found in the wild? Even if they are present, the numbers would be very few. Under such circumstances, how do you think you would be able to overcome the issue of increasing their numbers without resorting to some kind of inbreeding, even in the wild?
White tigers have not been reported from the wild after 1950s. You are correct that even if they are present, the number would be very few. So the remedy has to come from captivity.
Now we know the A477V mutation at SLC45A2 is responsible for the white tiger coat, even for an orange tiger, we can do a genetic test to know if it carries one copy of the ‘white’ gene. [It is important to note that] a tiger with one copy of ‘white’ gene and one copy of ‘orange’ gene, the so-called heterozygous at the white locus, would appear as orange, because the mutation is recessive trait. Only when both copies of the gene are the ‘white’ ones, so-called homozygous, would it show as white tiger coat.]
Crossing between a wild-type orange tiger and a white tiger will result in all heterozygous orange tigers in their first generation. Crossing two heterozygous orange tigers will have 25 per cent chance of a white tiger offspring. This way of breeding may increase the gene pool diversity of white tigers and still maintain its white coat phenotype. Keep in mind though all the orange tigers used in this strategy should be Bengal tigers so as to avoid mixing tiger bloodlines from different sources.
Will mating of yellow coat tiger and white tiger result in the loss of the white colour trait?
If the orange tiger does not carry any white mutation at the white locus, crossing it with a white tiger will result in heterozygous orange tiger in their first generation. The white colour coat will not appear in looking but still remains in the genome. As said in my previous answer, crossing two heterozygous orange tigers will results in 25 per cent white tiger in their offspring. Crossing a heterozygous orange tiger and a white tiger will result in 50 per cent offspring white tigers.
www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/ener…
👍: 0 ⏩: 1