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akitku — Inktober Week 3

#historicalwomen #inktober #drawing #history #inkdrawing #medieval #inktoberchallenge #inktober2018
Published: 2018-10-27 16:21:26 +0000 UTC; Views: 2064; Favourites: 195; Downloads: 0
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Description Well, actually it's not week 3, it's a collection of inktobers from week 2 AND 3 as I didn't manage to draw one every day. 

Inktober Day 13 - Clock

The medieval (late antiquity) woman for ‘clock’ is Hypatia of Alexandria, the famous astronomer and mathematician. Hypatia was an important figure in the city of Alexandria, a popular teacher of Neoplatonic philosophy and mathematics, she also carried out astronomical observations and wrote tables recording her observations. She is sometimes attributed with inventing the astrolabe, which is sort of like a clock, which is why I chose her for this prompt. Hypatia was also an important political figure, which sadly led to her brutal murder. Alexandria was at the time in a political turmoil because of a power struggle between its Roman governor, Orestes, and its Christian bishop, Cyril. Hypatia publicly took the side of Orestes. Enraged, a group of Cyril’s supporters pulled her out of her chariot as she drove through the streets of Alexandria and murdered her. She is often portrayed as a ‘martyr’ for science. Interestingly people like portraying her as young and beautiful. But Hypatia was about 60 at the time of her tragic death. So I chose to draw her as s more mature woman here. Older women hardly get any representation… 

Inktober Day 14 - Guarded

For ‘guarded’ I chose Sitt-al-Mulk, ruler of the Fatimids in the early 11tj century. Sitt-al-Mulk came to power after the mysterious death of her half-brother, the ‘mad kalif’ al-Hakim. She abolished many of al-Hakim’s anti-Christian and anti-Jewish laws, and guarded the safety of religious groups in the Kalifate. Which is why I chose her for this prompt. However she also persecuted the Druze, who believed in Hakim’s divine status. Except for that she was an able ruler and very popular among the people. Sadly her rule only lasted for a couple of years.

Inktober Day 21 -  Drained

For this prompt I decided to draw another Byzantine woman, Empress Sophia, wife of Justin II. After Justin went mad, Sophia ruled as regent. As the Empire was then under attack from the Sassanids, she needed a co-regent especially to handle the military aspect of ruling, and she chose Tiberius, an important general to play the role. Tiberius was an excellent war leader and managed secure the border with Sassanid Persia. He was, however unreliable economically and the Empress Sophia argued with him a lot over his excess spending and draining of the Imperial treasury. So here she is, frustratedly looking at yet another empty treasure chest which Tiberius drained.

Inktober Day 22 - Expensive

The medieval woman I chose for this prompt  is Anastasia the Illuminator. We know about her from the writing of another medieval woman, Christine de Pizan. Anastasia was a French Illuminator of manuscripts who specialized in highly detailed decorative flower borders. Her work was famous in Paris and she worked on many expensive volumes.

Inktober Day 23 - Muddy

For this prompt I chose Aethelflaed, Lady of the Mercians. She ruled the Kingdom of Mercia and helped defend England from the Vikings. She personally led Saxon warriors in battle against the Danish Vikings at Derby, in 917 AD. She was extremely popular amongst her people, and, surprisingly for a woman in power in the Middle Ages, described very positively by a number of medieval chroniclers. A sentence I am particularly fond of is that she ‘was a woman who protected men at home and intimidated those abroad’. 💪

Inktober Day 26 - Stretch

For 'stretch' I chose Tamar of Georgia. She was a very powerful queen who ruled her kingdom for many years. Tamar’s rule was considered the ‘golden age’ of Georgia. She strengthened her Kingdom politically and stretched its borders through both war and diplomacy. She also funded nany building and artistic projects. Georgia of her time not only stretched geographically but also flourished culturally and politically. 👑

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Comments: 37

woodsman2b [2018-11-13 22:46:21 +0000 UTC]

I wanted you to draw Tamar so badly and... I am not disappointed, of course !

She looks powerfully amazing !

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akitku In reply to woodsman2b [2018-11-13 22:55:28 +0000 UTC]

I'm glad you approve! XD I knew I had to add her after you mentioned it!  

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woodsman2b In reply to akitku [2018-11-14 15:55:31 +0000 UTC]

I approve everything ! The red background, her gaze... Everything is on point !

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Danikatze [2018-10-29 09:01:54 +0000 UTC]

I love that portrait of Tamar of Georgia The jewels and patterns and that landscape in front! And that background colour!

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akitku In reply to Danikatze [2018-10-29 12:13:50 +0000 UTC]

Thank you! I'm glad yo think so because I wasn't sure about it. 

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Ediacar [2018-10-28 17:35:46 +0000 UTC]

I really like the little touch on the Sitt-al-Mulk one, with the 3 religious emblems allowed to stand up under her (somewhat self-serving) tolerant watch, great detail!


When you asked about one linked to the 'clock' prompt, I though about Hypatia as well, but I refrained from proposing it, as you say, it's uncertain she actually invented the astrolabe, maybe she just improved the systems? It's still great that you incorporated her, to miss her (or Tamar!) would've been a cardinal sin  (and I praise your initiative to portray her as an older person, it's very original and very fair to her character!)

I don't really get why people call her a martyr though, martyrs have a choice between being executed or abandon their faith (this word can't not have a religious connotation) and survive. In the case of Hypatia, she definitely wasn't asked to chose between abandoning her studies (or just leave Alexandria) and being dragged through the streets and torn to pieces with broken roof tiles...


Apparently, Sophia actually wanted to have Tiberius divorce his own wife and marry her just so that she could stay in power even longer and there are even some rumors about her being behind the sudden death of the emperor (surely she was pretty steamed up about being expelled from the palace but I can't see how killing him off would've helped her regain her position anyway so, that probably never happened, but who knows...).

Also, I can't really see how Tiberius was an 'excellent war leader', don't get me wrong, he did his part well, but nothing about his time in power screams 'brilliant!' or am I missing something?  

I mean, sure he did regain the upper hand against Khosrow but it was just because he threw the entirety of the roman army to his face. 

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akitku In reply to Ediacar [2018-10-28 22:07:24 +0000 UTC]

Thanks for the comment! XD I agree with your point about Hypatia - as much as I admire this historical figure, I always felt that presenting her as science's first martyr (against Christian superstition of course) is a bit of a stretch. As you say, she did not choose to die, neither for science or for any other reason...I guess people just find it a romantic notion. 

Heh, you caught my biased account of Tiberius.To be honest, I assume your knowledge is far more extensive than mine, so if you say it is undeserved, it probably is. (I'm merely a hobbyist while you, I assume, are academically trained?). Let me try to explain the reason for my glowing testimony:

1) I am an unabashed Tiberius and Maurice fangirl and thus I tend to be a bit over-optimistic when assessing these emperors. (Clearly there is no loophole in this reasoning right? Circular you say? Rubbish! )

If that doesn't convince you, well here are the other reasons: 

I see Tiberius as having turned the tide, or perhaps stopped the tide from growing unstoppable when he took the reins from Justin. The situation he found was pretty precarious. Khusro had at the time not only taken Dara but also sacked Apamea and the territory around Antioch (if I remember my reading correctly). Not to mention that mess with Marcian and Acacius which happened largely due to Justin - bad for morale to put it lightly. So given the circumstances I think he reacted very well and with a very military attitude - he got the two year peace which he needed to bolster the Eastern Army, and when Khusro attacked again he was soundly defeated by the Romans (which did not stop him from burning Melitene, but you know, so it goes...) 

 I would say that given the situation in the East his quick drive to increase the Eastern Army (and his choice of generals) were a very good decision. You say he simply 'threw all of the roman army into Khusro's face' but it couldn't have been that simple, after all, Justin clearly didn't  try (or manage) to do so. Tiberius did move lots of troops from the West to the East in order to achieve this, but I don't think (I may be wrong though) that this meant abandoning the western frontier.  It also involved a huge recruiting drive and tons of money poured into the army (which was the basis of my Sophia picture of course). Connected to this, the new unit of Foederati (Tiberius', not the old foederati soldiers) was extremely successful. So again, it was a good idea of a clearly militarily-minded ruler. 

But yeah, saying he was brilliant is probably a very strong overstatement. I think it is fair to say however, that he was what the empire needed at the time. (And hey, John of Epiphania seems to agree! )

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Ediacar In reply to akitku [2018-10-29 10:22:42 +0000 UTC]

Eh, well, I aspire and study to become a byzantine academic one day but for now, it's your word against mine ^^ (plus my favorite emperors are all psychotic monsters, so I can't say anything against being a biased fan toward any one of them XP)


In the case of Tiberius, I think he himself summarized his rule perfectly when, on his death bed, he told Maurice "make your reign my finest epitaph" (or so goes the legend), his greatest achievement was to have Maurice succeed him.


Tiberius was confronted with the same problem as Justin II, which is that Justinian left the empire in an untenable position. I agree he was more proactive than Justin since he actually tried to remedy to the situation but his response can't be considered very positively (though honestly, nobody in his situation could've done much better). He governed like the general of a single army, not like an emperor who had to deal with far more numerous issues.

Basically he focused on one problem at a time, so, he mobilized troops and recruited new foedetarii regiments from the Rhine and retrieved the western army to the east and indeed, it stabilized the eastern front (but Maurice is to be credited as much as the emperor since he was the one who lead the troops) but at the expense of the Balkans, because yes! it's because of the mass mobilization of troops against the Persians that the first Slav settlements occurred in the peninsula, left defenseless (Sirmium was abandoned) by Tiberius. The Slavs went as far as Athens.

And yes, Maurice will try to remedy to that situation, but the damage was already done and nothing could be done to salvage roman control in the area in the long run. The Balkan's hinterlands were lost during Tiberius' reign, not Heraclius'.


Overall, the empire he left to Maurice was in even worth shape than the one Justin II left to Tiberius, the Balkans were overran, the army, concentrated in one point, far too numerous to be sustained and already showing signs of rebellion, the remnant troops in the west scattered and isolated and the treasury emptied. Lots of critics can be said about Justin II, but at least, he had a somewhat sensible financial policy...

I'm not saying all of this against Tiberius though, I do have some sympathy toward him too  he seemed like a nice guy (for example, he forgave general Justinian's plot with Sophia when she tried to regain her authority -but he still had her under house arrest though-) I mean the situation was very dire, even critical but it could have been so much worse if Tiberius wasn't somewhat competent. Plus at the beginning of his reign he showed that he could have a more global foreign policy focusing on both Italy and Spain (before focusing on the east) but that wasn't very successful either...


Ghaa! Now that I know you like him I feel so bad for completely demolishing his time in power!  

Curse you Justinian!!!  

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Azul-din [2018-10-28 17:20:29 +0000 UTC]

I do hope that your male fans take notice here- powerful, intelligent and learned women have been occurring all through recorded history, and probably since the beginning of time. This is not a modern phenomenon and stands as a reproach to all who believe that 'equality'  is the only goal and something that men somehow have the power to grant.
Well researched, Akitku!

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akitku In reply to Azul-din [2018-10-29 12:19:21 +0000 UTC]

Exactly. But of course, coming into their own was much more problematic then, because of the social structure, expectations, and often even laws. The sad pattern is usually that only after the husband dies (or is captured or whatever) does the woman come to power as regent and gets to show off her skill. And even then, her position is very insecure because she is a woman. But importantly it is not only queens and regents who feature in history - that's why I wanted to include women like Hypatia and Anastasia the illuminator - women who were not special by birth, but simply excelled at their field of study/activity even though it was dominated by males. History isn't only the history of rulers and generals after all! 

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Azul-din In reply to akitku [2018-10-29 14:04:55 +0000 UTC]

..And it isn't only rulers and generals who embody the best of the human spirit; often it is quite the reverse, unfortunately.  I would certainly vote for Hypatia or Anastasia, given the opportunity, rather than a certain red faced booby who at present sits in the White House.

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akitku In reply to Azul-din [2018-10-29 14:53:21 +0000 UTC]

Exactly what I think!!! 

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Azul-din In reply to akitku [2018-10-29 19:47:28 +0000 UTC]

 

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Zerrbild [2018-10-28 10:39:26 +0000 UTC]

It is nice to have the background histories of all these women alongside the illustrations.I studied the early medieval period at university,but but I never really learnt anything about the ladies depicted here.They all seem to be fascinating people

I think I may have seen a Byzantine mosaic featuring Empress Sophia in the past though when looking in a history book.

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akitku In reply to Zerrbild [2018-10-29 12:20:35 +0000 UTC]

I'm so glad you found them interesting! Well, their lives were often overshadowed by the men around them, but they were still rather fascinating, in my opinion. 

Ah really? That's awesome! I was looking for a historical depiction of Sophia, but I couldn't find it. Do you perhaps remember the title of the book? 

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Zerrbild In reply to akitku [2018-10-29 18:36:17 +0000 UTC]

Unfortunately I seem to have forgotten who I had actually seen in the book.


I'm now sure that the mosaic I was thinking about was the famous one of Empress Theodora who was married to Justinian I.
(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodora… )

Sophia and Theodora both lived in the 5th Century,but Theodora died around the time Sophia was about 18.Sophia was, according to John of Ephesus,Theodora's niece.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_(…

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BricksandStones [2018-10-28 10:28:43 +0000 UTC]

Wow, this selection looks wonderful Akitku - well done! I particularly like Sitt-al-Mulk, Aethelflaed and Tamar Your inktobers are awesome!

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akitku In reply to BricksandStones [2018-10-29 13:15:58 +0000 UTC]

Thank you so much!!!

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Sleyf [2018-10-28 05:34:26 +0000 UTC]

A wonderful collection! I love how you're using colour in these, particularly the purple ink used in the second one. When I saw the giant trunk on instagram I though 'oh no, something terrible probably befell this lady, like she was locked in a trunk and thrown on a pyre or something (because women in rule seem to have been vilified enough that they met that kind of end), but thankfully that wasn't the case, and there's a whole bunch of ladies here that I think the history channel (no longer about history!) should consider making shows about! We night actually learn something useful for a change

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akitku In reply to Sleyf [2018-10-28 08:27:01 +0000 UTC]

Thank you!! I think the purple ink was the best one I bought for this inktober. And it cost me...1.50 EUR lol! 

Haha, lol, no, I tried to avoid the more creepy stories. Well, Hypatia's is creepy but I didn't portray her gristly end. I was going to do the Frankish Queen Brunhilde for 'stretch' - it would be fitting given she was torn apart by horses as a punishment. But that would be way to brutal for my tastes. 

Ah, the history channel...seriously, it's sad what it has become...

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Sleyf In reply to akitku [2018-10-29 09:01:58 +0000 UTC]

I looked up Brunhilde and it was kind of awful...that would have been horrifying to draw to be honest, that Fredegund was a right old cow (although I suppose both of them were if they couldn't ignore their enmity towards one another - although Brunehilde was sort of justified, considering the other woman murdered her sister...)

Aint you glad you're not royal - or associated with it?


It went through a phase of being the 'Hitler Channel', now I honestly don't even know what to classify it as but the history aspect of it is very abstract and difficult to justify with most shows on there now...

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jonwassing [2018-10-27 19:42:12 +0000 UTC]

I love 22, looks fantastic. Well, all of them do, but I really like 22.

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akitku In reply to jonwassing [2018-10-28 08:01:54 +0000 UTC]

Thank you! I think 22 is a spirit animal to many of us!  

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Theophilia [2018-10-27 18:42:24 +0000 UTC]

Great little drawings of lots of great and interesting women! Speaking of which, I'm curious if you're ever read any works by the French historian Régine Pernoud? She has a number of good books about the Middle Ages (especially women in the Middle Ages). Knowing your interest in the Middle Ages, I thought I'd give her a shout-out if you haven't read any of her books before.

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akitku In reply to Theophilia [2018-10-28 08:01:33 +0000 UTC]

Thanks so much! I must admit, I'm familiar with only one of her books, the one on Women and the Crusades (obviously ) But I should read some more! I'm glad you reminded me of her. Thank you!  

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Atretium [2018-10-27 17:54:06 +0000 UTC]

I think choosing Tamar was a bit of a.... stretch.

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akitku In reply to Atretium [2018-10-28 07:28:59 +0000 UTC]

 

Haha, nice.

Well, I was thinking of choosing Brunhilde, who, you know, was torn apart by horses...but that seemed a bit brutal. Plus I wanted to get Tamar in there somehow. 

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ahappierlife [2018-10-27 17:41:50 +0000 UTC]

You work so carefully - and so much! I admire that.

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akitku In reply to ahappierlife [2018-10-28 07:28:10 +0000 UTC]

Thank you! Heh, it's been a struggle finishing all those inktobers. And I didn't manage all of them anyway...

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ahappierlife In reply to akitku [2018-10-28 11:30:51 +0000 UTC]

Pleasure.

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Soila003 [2018-10-27 17:41:32 +0000 UTC]

Excellent selection.I admit I had not heard about Anastasia and Sitt al-Mulk. A pity,they seem very interesting women and I will sure search more about them. I love your depiction of Sophia (one of the Byzantine women who does not get enough credit imho) and of course,a great and regal Tamar!

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akitku In reply to Soila003 [2018-10-28 07:27:43 +0000 UTC]

Thank you so much! Well, there isn't really anything more known about Anastasia, I think she is only mentioned in passing by Christine de Pizan in her City of Women. But there is quite a lot about Sitt al-Mulk if you are interested! I agree entirely, Sophia is not appreciated enough. She played the hand she was dealt, and played it well in my opinion. I guess the fact that Tiberius and Maurice were so brilliant sort of overshadowed her. 

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dragondoodle [2018-10-27 17:10:40 +0000 UTC]

Beautiful selection

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akitku In reply to dragondoodle [2018-10-28 07:25:55 +0000 UTC]

Thank you so much! <3 

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Eldr-Fire [2018-10-27 17:10:22 +0000 UTC]

Oooh, it's cool seeing your take on Sitt al-Mulk! And I love how you portrayed Hypatia as an older woman, and Æthelflæd not afraid to get dirty! And I loved learning about the other people too. Great art!

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akitku In reply to Eldr-Fire [2018-10-28 07:25:46 +0000 UTC]

Thank you so much! I loved your take on Sitt al-Mulk and found it rather inspiring. I'm glad the other characters were interesting too! Thank you!

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Eldr-Fire In reply to akitku [2018-10-28 23:33:45 +0000 UTC]

Aww, I'm glad you liked mine too, thanks for your kind words! And yes, they were, you really brought them to life and interpreted the prompts in creative ways!

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