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Description
Requested by Patchi1995

Scientific Name: Tyrannosaurus rex
Pronunciation: tie-ran-oh-sore-us
Meaning in Latin: Tyrant lizard
Code Name: T-Rex
Discovered by: Henry Fairfield Osborn‭, ‬1905
Classification: Animalia, Chordata,‭ ‬Reptilia,‭ ‬Dinosauria,‭ ‬Saurischia,‭ Theropoda, Neotheropoda, Averostra, Tetanurae, Orionides, Avetheropoda, Coelurosauria, Tyrannoraptora, Tyrannosauroidea, Tyrannosauridae, Tyrannosaurinae, Tyrannosaurini

Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 68 to 65 million years ago
Location: ‬Western North America - Alberta, Canada, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas
Length: 12.3 meters (40 feet) long
Weight: 5,000 to 9,000 kilograms (5.5 to 10 tons)
Diet: Carnivore

Since Barnum Brown teased its bones from the badlands of Montana in 1902 other theropods have emerged that were bigger and faster, but still this horrific killer stands alone: the most famous dinosaur by far, and the only one best known by its full title. No one speaks of Triceratops horridus or Diplodocus longus, but the name coined by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1905 combines an irresistible rhythm with a hint of its menace: Tyrannosaurus rex, the tyrant lizard king. Its discovery soon made headlines: "The absolute warlord of Earth" was one of the description in the New York Times, along with 'a royal man-eater of the jungle' - an early example of the irresistible urge to imagine the terror Tyrannosaurus could unleash on humans if it were to live among them.

The Tyrannosaurus that shot to fame was an upright beast that charged alone through forests and across plains lunging at whichever unfortunate creatures it decided to make its prey, snapping their bones with a sickening crunch of its 1.5 meter (5 feet) jaws, then consuming their carcasses with blood dripped down its scaly jowls. In recent years however the picture has changed. The creature remains one of the most horrific carnivores ever to have lived - those jaws were packed with 60 serrated, banana-sized teeth and it bit with a 1500kg (1.5 ton) force, akin to the weight of a small truck bearing down on each tooth. But we now see its posture as dynamic and horizontal rather than kangaroo-like, its scales may well have been combined with feathers, and there are hints that it hunted in terrifying packs rather than as a solitary killer.

Since Tyrannosaurus' discovery around 30 more specimens have been unearthed. The most famous stands 12.8 meters (42 feet) long and 4 meters (13 feet) tall at its hips, and was found in 1990 by fossil-hunter Sue Hendrickson, after whom it was nicknamed after her name. In 1997, 'Sue' sold for $8.3 million at auction, making it the most expensive fossil ever, and today it stands in the Field Museum of Natural History of Chicago.

Other good remains have emerged from Canada all the way down to New Mexico, which combine to create a detailed picture of Tyrannosaurus' development, appearance and lifestyle. The differences between the adults and juveniles were substantial. By the time it was fully grown at 20 years old, a Tyrannosaurus had undergone a drastic transformation from its adolescent self. Having so many Tyrannosaurus fossils at varying stages of maturity, from babies to adults, means that its growth stages are well documented - and between the ages of 13 and 17, Tyrannosaurus underwent an incredible growth spurt in which it put on 1500lb per year. As a juvenile, it had blade-like teeth but becomes conical as it matured. Its skull grew and thickened until it alone weighed half a ton, and its body bulked out until the lithe, sprinting adolescent with long slender legs had mutated into a massively muscled lumbering beast with an immense appetite for other animals' flesh.

A long-running controversy has surrounded whether Tyrannosaurus actually hunted or merely scavenged the carcasses of other dinosaurs' meals. The answer is most certainly that it did both.Its skull's brain cavity has large olfactory bulbs, which suggest a large sense of smell able to detect from afar the scent of carrion abandoned by predatory dinosaurs, but it was quite capable of catching its own meals too, despite the fact that Tyrannosaurus wasn't a particularly fast runner. And it was not enough, the theory of Tyrannosaurus cooperating as social animals as of lions do today may have allowed them to hunt collectively, with the speedy youngsters chasing prey down and leading them to the massive adults waiting for an ambush.

Tyrannosaurus' large eyes faced forward more than in most dinosaurs, like a wolf, granting an overlap between its fields of vision. This suggests predatory behaviour because it enabled Tyrannosaurus to judge distance and movement, helping pinpoint its prey. Scans of its skull reveal an inner ear that granted very fine hearing and balance, and skull cavities that enabled it to hear low frequency sounds.

The existence of the fossils of the three-horned ceratopsian Triceratops and the giant hadrosaur Edmontosaurus with healed-over Tyrannosaurus bite marks proves that it attacked living animals, which in these specimens' cases evidently escaped and survived. Few were so lucky. A graphic technique insight was also depicted of a Tyrannosaurus biting down on the bony, kertainous frill of a dead Triceratops and pulling the head off its corpse before it was able to feast on the nutrient-rich neck muscles that previously lay inaccessible beneath the frill.

Given Tyrannosaurus' arms about the size of a human arm and the fact they bore only two fingers, it's thought that Tyrannosaurus attacked with its mouth - and then the tiny, short hands held its prey in place while the powerful jaws ripped through its victims' flesh.

For the possibility that Tyrannosaurus bore feathers, there was evidence in several relatives, Dilong and Yutyrannus that lived million of years before it existed, and the early coelurosaur theropods which it descended from, have plumulaceous feathers.The case was also applied to juvenile tyrannosaurs bearing proto-feathers for insulation as small animals find it hard to keep themselves warm than the large ones.

Tyrannosaurus may have been famed as the arch devourer of other dinosaurs and the king of all prehistoric creatures, the best-known dinosaur since the 20th century and had been portrayed in film, documentaries, advertising, postal stamps and many more, but being a Tyrannosaurus may be a dangerous task. Although they could live up to 30 years old, it appears from the fossils known that only 2 per cent of them reached the end of their natural lifespan. This animal, whose life was devoted to killing others far more often than not, itself died prematurely, whether inflicted by fellow Tyrannosaurus as an act of cannibalism or the lethal horns of a Triceratops that it attacked, or the regular flash floods that immersed the coastal plains beneath water where it stalked. It was also a pity that alongside Triceratops and Edmontosaurus, Tyrannosaurus was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction. Still, this prehistoric majestic beast remains widely recognized and feared till today. If any dinosaur perfectly embodied every aspect of the manifold dangers of the Mesozoic world or any person would think of the first dinosaur name, it was Tyrannosaurus rex.

Model based on: Baby Tyrannosaurus made by David Krentz and from Dinosaur Revolution (2011)
Spore Abilities: Level 5 Sprint, Level 1 Sneak, Level 4 Bite, Level 1 Charge, Level 2 Strike, Level 2 Sing, Level 4 Dance, Level 3 Charm

Note: This SPORE model has Creepy & Cute parts. SPORE players downloading this model is required to have the C&C expansion pack in order to access to the model.

Description
Requested by Patchi1995

Scientific Name: Tyrannosaurus rex
Pronunciation: tie-ran-oh-sore-us
Meaning in Latin: Tyrant lizard
Code Name: T-Rex
Discovered by: Henry Fairfield Osborn‭, ‬1905
Classification: Animalia, Chordata,‭ ‬Reptilia,‭ ‬Dinosauria,‭ ‬Saurischia,‭ Theropoda, Neotheropoda, Averostra, Tetanurae, Orionides, Avetheropoda, Coelurosauria, Tyrannoraptora, Tyrannosauroidea, Tyrannosauridae, Tyrannosaurinae, Tyrannosaurini

Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 68 to 65 million years ago
Location: ‬Western North America - Alberta, Canada, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas
Length: 12.3 meters (40 feet) long
Weight: 5,000 to 9,000 kilograms (5.5 to 10 tons)
Diet: Carnivore

Since Barnum Brown teased its bones from the badlands of Montana in 1902 other theropods have emerged that were bigger and faster, but still this horrific killer stands alone: the most famous dinosaur by far, and the only one best known by its full title. No one speaks of Triceratops horridus or Diplodocus longus, but the name coined by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1905 combines an irresistible rhythm with a hint of its menace: Tyrannosaurus rex, the tyrant lizard king. Its discovery soon made headlines: "The absolute warlord of Earth" was one of the description in the New York Times, along with 'a royal man-eater of the jungle' - an early example of the irresistible urge to imagine the terror Tyrannosaurus could unleash on humans if it were to live among them.

The Tyrannosaurus that shot to fame was an upright beast that charged alone through forests and across plains lunging at whichever unfortunate creatures it decided to make its prey, snapping their bones with a sickening crunch of its 1.5 meter (5 feet) jaws, then consuming their carcasses with blood dripped down its scaly jowls. In recent years however the picture has changed. The creature remains one of the most horrific carnivores ever to have lived - those jaws were packed with 60 serrated, banana-sized teeth and it bit with a 1500kg (1.5 ton) force, akin to the weight of a small truck bearing down on each tooth. But we now see its posture as dynamic and horizontal rather than kangaroo-like, its scales may well have been combined with feathers, and there are hints that it hunted in terrifying packs rather than as a solitary killer.

Since Tyrannosaurus' discovery around 30 more specimens have been unearthed. The most famous stands 12.8 meters (42 feet) long and 4 meters (13 feet) tall at its hips, and was found in 1990 by fossil-hunter Sue Hendrickson, after whom it was nicknamed after her name. In 1997, 'Sue' sold for $8.3 million at auction, making it the most expensive fossil ever, and today it stands in the Field Museum of Natural History of Chicago.

Other good remains have emerged from Canada all the way down to New Mexico, which combine to create a detailed picture of Tyrannosaurus' development, appearance and lifestyle. The differences between the adults and juveniles were substantial. By the time it was fully grown at 20 years old, a Tyrannosaurus had undergone a drastic transformation from its adolescent self. Having so many Tyrannosaurus fossils at varying stages of maturity, from babies to adults, means that its growth stages are well documented - and between the ages of 13 and 17, Tyrannosaurus underwent an incredible growth spurt in which it put on 1500lb per year. As a juvenile, it had blade-like teeth but becomes conical as it matured. Its skull grew and thickened until it alone weighed half a ton, and its body bulked out until the lithe, sprinting adolescent with long slender legs had mutated into a massively muscled lumbering beast with an immense appetite for other animals' flesh.

A long-running controversy has surrounded whether Tyrannosaurus actually hunted or merely scavenged the carcasses of other dinosaurs' meals. The answer is most certainly that it did both.Its skull's brain cavity has large olfactory bulbs, which suggest a large sense of smell able to detect from afar the scent of carrion abandoned by predatory dinosaurs, but it was quite capable of catching its own meals too, despite the fact that Tyrannosaurus wasn't a particularly fast runner. And it was not enough, the theory of Tyrannosaurus cooperating as social animals as of lions do today may have allowed them to hunt collectively, with the speedy youngsters chasing prey down and leading them to the massive adults waiting for an ambush.

Tyrannosaurus' large eyes faced forward more than in most dinosaurs, like a wolf, granting an overlap between its fields of vision. This suggests predatory behaviour because it enabled Tyrannosaurus to judge distance and movement, helping pinpoint its prey. Scans of its skull reveal an inner ear that granted very fine hearing and balance, and skull cavities that enabled it to hear low frequency sounds.

The existence of the fossils of the three-horned ceratopsian Triceratops and the giant hadrosaur Edmontosaurus with healed-over Tyrannosaurus bite marks proves that it attacked living animals, which in these specimens' cases evidently escaped and survived. Few were so lucky. A graphic technique insight was also depicted of a Tyrannosaurus biting down on the bony, kertainous frill of a dead Triceratops and pulling the head off its corpse before it was able to feast on the nutrient-rich neck muscles that previously lay inaccessible beneath the frill.

Given Tyrannosaurus' arms about the size of a human arm and the fact they bore only two fingers, it's thought that Tyrannosaurus attacked with its mouth - and then the tiny, short hands held its prey in place while the powerful jaws ripped through its victims' flesh.

For the possibility that Tyrannosaurus bore feathers, there was evidence in several relatives, Dilong and Yutyrannus that lived million of years before it existed, and the early coelurosaur theropods which it descended from, have plumulaceous feathers.The case was also applied to juvenile tyrannosaurs bearing proto-feathers for insulation as small animals find it hard to keep themselves warm than the large ones.

Tyrannosaurus may have been famed as the arch devourer of other dinosaurs and the king of all prehistoric creatures, the best-known dinosaur since the 20th century and had been portrayed in film, documentaries, advertising, postal stamps and many more, but being a Tyrannosaurus may be a dangerous task. Although they could live up to 30 years old, it appears from the fossils known that only 2 per cent of them reached the end of their natural lifespan. This animal, whose life was devoted to killing others far more often than not, itself died prematurely, whether inflicted by fellow Tyrannosaurus as an act of cannibalism or the lethal horns of a Triceratops that it attacked, or the regular flash floods that immersed the coastal plains beneath water where it stalked. It was also a pity that alongside Triceratops and Edmontosaurus, Tyrannosaurus was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction. Still, this prehistoric majestic beast remains widely recognized and feared till today. If any dinosaur perfectly embodied every aspect of the manifold dangers of the Mesozoic world or any person would think of the first dinosaur name, it was Tyrannosaurus rex.

Model based on: Baby Tyrannosaurus made by David Krentz and from Dinosaur Revolution (2011)
Spore Abilities: Level 5 Sprint, Level 1 Sneak, Level 4 Bite, Level 1 Charge, Level 2 Strike, Level 2 Sing, Level 4 Dance, Level 3 Charm

Note: This SPORE model has Creepy & Cute parts. SPORE players downloading this model is required to have the C&C expansion pack in order to access to the model.